Difference between revisions of "Defining Cracks"

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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==


The extension of MPM to model explicit cracks is called CRAMP for '''CRA'''cks in the '''M'''aterial '''P'''oint Method. The commands is this section are used to define the explicit cracks (and there can be any number of them). In addition, whenever a simulation has cracks you can use [[Crack Settings|various crack settings commands]] to customize the features of the crack physics.
The extension of MPM to model explicit cracks is called CRAMP for '''CRA'''cks in the '''M'''aterial '''P'''oint Method. The commands is this section are used to define the explicit cracks (and there can be any number of them). In addition, whenever a simulation has cracks you can use [[Crack Settings|various crack settings commands]] to customize the features of the crack physics and set various [[Common Material Properties|material fracture properties]].


CRAMP is fully implemented in [[NairnMPM]] for 2D cracks. The development of
CRAMP is fully implemented in [[NairnMPM]] for 2D cracks. The development of
CRAMP is described first in a paper by Nairn (2003)<ref name='CRAMP'>J. A. Nairn, "Material Point Method Calculations with Explicit Cracks," <i>Computer Modeling in Engineering &amp; Sciences</i>, <b>4</b>, 649-664 (2003). ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/MPMCracks.pdf See PDF])</ref> (and its development was done using [[NairnMPM]]). Some other papers discuss calculation of J integral and stress intensity factor,<ref name="GuoJ">Y. Guo and J. A. Nairn, "Calculation of J-Integral and Stress Intensity Factors using the Material Point Method," <i>Computer Modeling in Engineering &amp; Sciences</i>, <b>6</b>, 295-308 (2004). ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/MPMTwoDJ.pdf See PDF])</ref>, propose energy balance propagation,<ref name="EB">J. A. Nairn, "Simulation of Crack Growth in Ductile Materials,"; <i>Engr. Fract. Mech.</i>, <b>72</b>, 961-979 (2005). ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/Dugdale.pdf See PDF])</ref> handle cracks in 3D<ref name="Guo3D">Y. Guo and J. A. Nairn, "Three-Dimensional Dynamic Fracture Analysis Using the Material Point Method," <i>Computer Modeling in Eng. &amp; Sci.</i>, <b>16</b>, 141-156 (2006). ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/guo3D.pdf See PDF])</ref> (although not currently available in [[NairnMPM]]),, use cracks to model imperfect interfaces,<ref name="IIC">J. A. Nairn, "Numerical Implementation of Imperfect Interfaces, <i>Computational Materials Science</i>, <b>40</b>, 525-536 (2007). ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/Interface.pdf See PDF])</ref>, and use traction laws with cracks.<ref name="RCurve">J. A. Nairn, "Analytical and Numerical Modeling of R Curves for Cracks with Bridging Zones," <i>Int. J. Fracture</i>, <b>155</b>, 167-181 (2009). ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/JBridging.pdf See PDF])</ref> Some applications of using cracks in MPM include wood fracture,<ref name="wood">J. A. Nairn, "Material Point Method Simulations of Transverse Fracture in Wood with Realistic Morphologies," <i>Holzforschung</i>,  <b>61</b>, 375-381 (2007). ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/FractureSim.pdf See PDF])</ref> use of cracks to model glue bods in oriented strand board,<ref name="OSB">J. A. Nairn and E. Le, "Numerical Modeling and Experiments on the Role of Strand-to-Strand Interface Quality on the Properties of Oriented Strand Board," <i>Proc of 9th Int. Conf. on Wood Adhesives</i>, Lake Tahoe, Neveda, USA, Sept. 28-30, 2009. ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/WoodAd2009.pdf See PDF])</ref> simulation of dynamic fracture,<ref name="BardF">S. G. Bardenhagen, J.A. Nairn, and H. Lu, "Simulation of dynamic fracture with the Material Point Method using a mixed J-integral and cohesive law approach," <i>Int. J. Fracture</i>, <b>170</b>, 49-66 (2011).</ref> and simulation of crack growth with fiber bridging.<ref name="MDF">N. Matsumoto and J.A. Nairn, "Fracture Toughness of Wood and Wood Composites During Crack Propagation," <i>Wood and Fiber Science</i>, '''44''', 121-133 (2012). ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/WoodToughness.pdf See PDF])</ref>
CRAMP is described first in a paper by Nairn (2003)<ref name='CRAMP'>J. A. Nairn, "Material Point Method Calculations with Explicit Cracks," <i>Computer Modeling in Engineering &amp; Sciences</i>, <b>4</b>, 649-664 (2003). ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/MPMCracks.pdf See PDF])</ref> (and its development was done using [[NairnMPM]]). Some other papers discuss calculation of J integral and stress intensity factor,<ref name="GuoJ">Y. Guo and J. A. Nairn, "Calculation of J-Integral and Stress Intensity Factors using the Material Point Method," <i>Computer Modeling in Engineering &amp; Sciences</i>, <b>6</b>, 295-308 (2004). ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/MPMTwoDJ.pdf See PDF])</ref>, propose energy balance propagation,<ref name="EB">J. A. Nairn, "Simulation of Crack Growth in Ductile Materials,"; <i>Engr. Fract. Mech.</i>, <b>72</b>, 961-979 (2005). ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/Dugdale.pdf See PDF])</ref> handle cracks in 3D<ref name="Guo3D">Y. Guo and J. A. Nairn, "Three-Dimensional Dynamic Fracture Analysis Using the Material Point Method," <i>Computer Modeling in Eng. &amp; Sci.</i>, <b>16</b>, 141-156 (2006). ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/guo3D.pdf See PDF])</ref> (although not currently available in [[NairnMPM]]), use cracks to model imperfect interfaces,<ref name="IIC">J. A. Nairn, "Numerical Implementation of Imperfect Interfaces, <i>Computational Materials Science</i>, <b>40</b>, 525-536 (2007). ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/Interface.pdf See PDF])</ref>, and use traction laws with cracks.<ref name="RCurve">J. A. Nairn, "Analytical and Numerical Modeling of R Curves for Cracks with Bridging Zones," <i>Int. J. Fracture</i>, <b>155</b>, 167-181 (2009). ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/JBridging.pdf See PDF])</ref> Some applications of using cracks in MPM include wood fracture,<ref name="wood">J. A. Nairn, "Material Point Method Simulations of Transverse Fracture in Wood with Realistic Morphologies," <i>Holzforschung</i>,  <b>61</b>, 375-381 (2007). ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/FractureSim.pdf See PDF])</ref> use of cracks to model glue bods in oriented strand board,<ref name="OSB">J. A. Nairn and E. Le, "Numerical Modeling and Experiments on the Role of Strand-to-Strand Interface Quality on the Properties of Oriented Strand Board," <i>Proc of 9th Int. Conf. on Wood Adhesives</i>, Lake Tahoe, Neveda, USA, Sept. 28-30, 2009. ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/WoodAd2009.pdf See PDF])</ref> simulation of dynamic fracture,<ref name="BardF">S. G. Bardenhagen, J.A. Nairn, and H. Lu, "Simulation of dynamic fracture with the Material Point Method using a mixed J-integral and cohesive law approach," <i>Int. J. Fracture</i>, <b>170</b>, 49-66 (2011).</ref> and simulation of crack growth with fiber bridging.<ref name="MDF">N. Matsumoto and J.A. Nairn, "Fracture Toughness of Wood and Wood Composites During Crack Propagation," <i>Wood and Fiber Science</i>, '''44''', 121-133 (2012). ([http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/wse/faculty/Nairn/papers/WoodToughness.pdf See PDF])</ref>


== Commnds ==
== Commnds ==

Revision as of 14:18, 28 September 2013

This section explains how to add explicit cracks to an MPM simulation.

Introduction

The extension of MPM to model explicit cracks is called CRAMP for CRAcks in the Material Point Method. The commands is this section are used to define the explicit cracks (and there can be any number of them). In addition, whenever a simulation has cracks you can use various crack settings commands to customize the features of the crack physics and set various material fracture properties.

CRAMP is fully implemented in NairnMPM for 2D cracks. The development of CRAMP is described first in a paper by Nairn (2003)[1] (and its development was done using NairnMPM). Some other papers discuss calculation of J integral and stress intensity factor,[2], propose energy balance propagation,[3] handle cracks in 3D[4] (although not currently available in NairnMPM), use cracks to model imperfect interfaces,[5], and use traction laws with cracks.[6] Some applications of using cracks in MPM include wood fracture,[7] use of cracks to model glue bods in oriented strand board,[8] simulation of dynamic fracture,[9] and simulation of crack growth with fiber bridging.[10]

Commnds

NewCrack GrowCrack GrowCrackLine GrowCrackArc CrackInterface Friction CrackThickness

In XML 

<CrackList friction='0.1' Dn='200' Dnc='-1' Dnt='200' Dt='5'>
  <pt units='mm' x='50.5' y='0' tip='1'/>
  <pt x='53' y='0'/>
     .
     .
     .
  <pt x='100.5' y='0'/>
  <Line xmin="102" ymin="0" xmax="130" ymax="10" resolution="5"
           start_tip="1" end_tip="1"/>
  <Circle xmin="102" ymin="0" xmax="130" ymax="10" resolution="10"
           start_tip="1" end_tip="1" start_angle="0" end_angle="90"/>
  <Thickness>1.0</Thickness>
</CrackList>

Interacting Cracks

References

  1. ↑ J. A. Nairn, "Material Point Method Calculations with Explicit Cracks," Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 4, 649-664 (2003). (See PDF)
  2. ↑ Y. Guo and J. A. Nairn, "Calculation of J-Integral and Stress Intensity Factors using the Material Point Method," Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 6, 295-308 (2004). (See PDF)
  3. ↑ J. A. Nairn, "Simulation of Crack Growth in Ductile Materials,"; Engr. Fract. Mech., 72, 961-979 (2005). (See PDF)
  4. ↑ Y. Guo and J. A. Nairn, "Three-Dimensional Dynamic Fracture Analysis Using the Material Point Method," Computer Modeling in Eng. & Sci., 16, 141-156 (2006). (See PDF)
  5. ↑ J. A. Nairn, "Numerical Implementation of Imperfect Interfaces, Computational Materials Science, 40, 525-536 (2007). (See PDF)
  6. ↑ J. A. Nairn, "Analytical and Numerical Modeling of R Curves for Cracks with Bridging Zones," Int. J. Fracture, 155, 167-181 (2009). (See PDF)
  7. ↑ J. A. Nairn, "Material Point Method Simulations of Transverse Fracture in Wood with Realistic Morphologies," Holzforschung, 61, 375-381 (2007). (See PDF)
  8. ↑ J. A. Nairn and E. Le, "Numerical Modeling and Experiments on the Role of Strand-to-Strand Interface Quality on the Properties of Oriented Strand Board," Proc of 9th Int. Conf. on Wood Adhesives, Lake Tahoe, Neveda, USA, Sept. 28-30, 2009. (See PDF)
  9. ↑ S. G. Bardenhagen, J.A. Nairn, and H. Lu, "Simulation of dynamic fracture with the Material Point Method using a mixed J-integral and cohesive law approach," Int. J. Fracture, 170, 49-66 (2011).
  10. ↑ N. Matsumoto and J.A. Nairn, "Fracture Toughness of Wood and Wood Composites During Crack Propagation," Wood and Fiber Science, 44, 121-133 (2012). (See PDF)
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