Transversely Isotropic Viscoelastic Material
Constitutive Law
(This material is available only in OSParticulas because it is still in development)
This anisotropic MPM material is a small strain, linear viscoelastic material that extends the Viscoelastic Material to model anisotropic viscoelasticity.
The stress (σ) and strain (ε) are related by:
[math]\displaystyle{ \sigma(t) = \mathbf{C}(t) * \varepsilon(t) }[/math]
Here [math]\displaystyle{ * }[/math] indicates convolution (or Boltzman's superposition) between time-dependent stiffness tensor ([math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{C}(t) }[/math]) and strain tensor. In Voight-notation with unique axis in the z direction, the time-dependent stiffness tensor is
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{C}(t) = \left[\begin{array}{cccccc} K_T(t)+G_T(t) & K_T(t)-G_T(t) & \ell(t) & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ K_T(t)-G_T(t) & K_T+G_T & \ell(t) & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \ell(t) & \ell(t) & n(t) & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & G_A(t) & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & G_A(t) & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & G_T(t) \end{array}\right] }[/math]
Here [math]\displaystyle{ K_T(t) }[/math] is the plane strain, bulk modulus, [math]\displaystyle{ G_T(t) }[/math] is the transverse shear modulus, [math]\displaystyle{ G_A(t) }[/math] is the axial shear modulus, and [math]\displaystyle{ n(t) }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ \ell(t) }[/math] give time-dependence of the C11 and C12=C13 elements of the stiffness matrix (as defined here). The time dependence of each property is modeled with a sum of exponentials:
[math]\displaystyle{ K_T(t) = K_{T0} + \sum_{k=1}^{N_{KT}} K_{Tk} e^{-t/\tau_{KT,k}} }[/math]
[math]\displaystyle{ G_T(t) = G_{T0} + \sum_{k=1}^{N_{GT}} G_{Tk} e^{-t/\tau_{GT,k}} }[/math]
[math]\displaystyle{ G_A(t) = G_{A0} + \sum_{k=1}^{N_{GA}} G_{Ak} e^{-t/\tau_{GA,k}} }[/math]
[math]\displaystyle{ n(t) = n_0 + \sum_{k=1}^{N_n} n_k e^{-t/\tau_{n,k}} }[/math]
[math]\displaystyle{ \ell(t) = \ell_0 + \sum_{k=1}^{N_\ell} \ell_k e^{-t/\tau_{\ell,k}} }[/math]
Elastic Fiber Direction
Some materials, such as unidirectional composite materials or wood, can be modeled with the fiber direction as the axial direction. Because this direction is typically much stiffer than the isotropic plane direction, it might be expected to have little or no viscoelasticity compared to other directions. If one assumes that axial modulus ([math]\displaystyle{ E_A }[/math]) and Poisson's ratio ([math]\displaystyle{ \nu_A }[/math]) re independent of time, then [math]\displaystyle{ n(t) }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ \ell(t) }[/math] are determined by [math]\displaystyle{ K_T(t) }[/math] by setting:
Material Properties
The unusual task for this material is to use multiple Gk and tauk properties (all with the same property name) to enter a material with multiple relaxation times.
| Property | Description | Units | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| GT0 (or G0) | The long term (or fully-relaxed) transverse shear modulus (can be entered as G0 to be compatible with isotropic viscoelastic material properties) | pressure units | 0 |
| GA0 | The long term (or fully-relaxed) axial shear modulus | pressure units | 0 |
| KT0 | The long term (or fully-relaxed) plane-strain bulk modulus | pressure units | 0 |
| en0 | The long term (or fully-relaxed) C11 element of the stiffness tensoe | pressure units | 0 |
| ell0 | The long term (or fully-relaxed) C12=C13 elements of the stiffness tensoe | pressure units | 0 |
| ntaus | The number of relaxation times. This property is only needed in XML files and must come before any Gk or tauk properties. In scripted files, the number is automatically determined from the number of relaxation times you provide. | none | none |
| Pk | The shear modulus for the next relaxation time. Enter multiple Gk properties to have multiple relaxation times. | pressure units | none |
| tauk | The next relaxation time. Enter multiple tauk properties to have multiple relaxation times. | time units | none |
| (other) | Properties common to all materials | varies | varies |
[math]\displaystyle{ N_n=N_\ell=N_{KT}, \quad \tau_{n,k}=\tau_{\ell,k}=\tau_{KT,k}, \quad n_0 = E_A + 4K_{T0}\nu_A^2, \quad n_k = 4K_{Tk}\nu_A^2, \quad \ell_0 = 2K_{T0}\nu_A, \quad \ell_k = 2K_{Tk}\nu_A }[/math]